| A
Top
of Page |
| Accident statistics 58-61 |
| Accidents |
| backhoe 58 |
| excavation 60-61 |
| loader 58-59 |
| rollover 59-60 |
| Aging TLB 36-37 |
| Air intake system, maintenance 75 |
| Air removal, soil compaction 171 |
| Airborne contamination, engine 76 |
| Airports, locating utilities 92 |
| Alignment, precision digging 117-118 |
| Altering dimensions 21, 224 |
| Angle |
| of bucket edge 158 |
| of grade 159 |
| Arc, digging 205-206 |
| Arc of swing |
| digging near wall 191 |
| set-up 117 |
| spoil placement 113-114 |
| Area, choosing |
| stockpiling 252 |
| truck loading 230 |
| Attachments |
| affects on COG 24 |
| compaction 175 |
| B |
| Back-dragging |
| clean-up 147 |
| demolition 267 |
| fine grading 166-168 |
| ramp building 233 |
| shuttle operations 144, 239 |
| Backfilling |
| circular grading pattern 243 |
| compaction 163, 172-175 |
| depth of fill 162 |
| dispersal of material 160, 162-163 |
| grading 157, 160 |
| spoil placement 108 |
| Backhoe |
| accidents 58 |
| as counterweight 2-3 |
| controls 34, 40-46 |
| digging arcs 205-206 |
| dimensions 2 |
| swing pin placement 192 |
| weight distribution 2-3 |
| Backhoe techniques 181 |
| clearing land 202-205 |
| concrete breaking 255-257 |
| connecting trenches 214 |
| demolition 253-270 |
| digging near wall 188-191 |
| grading 168-171 |
| handling long material 200-201 |
| loading trucks 197-199 |
| loading, demolition 257 |
| positioning the bucket 259-260 |
| positioning the piece 259-261 |
| questions 215-220 |
| stabilizer usage 187 |
| swinging the hoe 168, 170-171 |
| Back-up |
| importance of 257 |
| in demolition 257 |
| loading against 147, 151-152,
225-26 |
| natural 259 |
| no back-up 263 |
| stabilizers as 263 |
| Base of machine 14-15 |
| vertical line 16 |
| zones 15 |
| Bearings 74 |
| Boom 2 |
| Brake adjustment test 38 |
| Brake response 35 |
| Brakes 74 |
| as control mechanism 37 |
| danger areas 37-38 |
| increasing stability with 39 |
| locked or unlocked 38 |
| Braking |
| poor 36 |
| skills 39 |
| Braking system, independent 37 |
| Breaking concrete 255-257 |
| Breakout force, loader 221 |
| Breaks, gas line 100 |
| Broken utility pipe 97-100 |
| Brush, clearing 202 |
| Bucket |
| adjustment 259-260 |
| changing 80-82 |
| contact with utilities 95 |
| greasing joints 78 |
| movement in obstacle detection
94-95 |
| requirements of job 107 |
| Bucket, backhoe |
| changing tips 80-81 |
| cribbing, size 196 |
| heavy duty 254 |
| natural position 80 |
| pins 80 |
| teeth, changing 82 |
| truck loading, size 197 |
| Bucket, loader |
| corners, contact 226 |
| filling completely 225 |
| level 159 |
| weight 2 |
| Builder's level, using 129, 132 |
| Bulldozer, center of gravity 3 |
| C |
| Canopy, safety 57 |
| Caution zone, TLB base 15 |
| Cave-ins |
| advance warning 62 |
| excavation 60-61 |
| Center of gravity (COG) 13-25 |
| affects of loads 20, 23 |
| affects of slopes 21 |
| contact surfaces 17 |
| defined 13 |
| location and movement 14 |
| machines 2-4 |
| material 200 |
| movement of 19 |
| TLB attachments 24 |
| vertical line 16 |
| weight transfer 16 |
| zones of safety 15 |
| positions illustrated 18 |
| Centerline of hoe, set up 113 |
| Chain set-ups, craning 192-193 |
| Changing buckets 79-80 |
| Chapter questions |
| 1 26-31 |
| 2 48-52 |
| 3 68-71 |
| 4 84-87 |
| 5 101-105 |
| 6 110-112 |
| 7 123-125 |
| 8 139-141 |
| 9 153-155 |
| 10 177-179 |
| 11 215-220 |
| 12 247-250 |
| 13 271-274 |
| Checking elevation 129, 131-132 |
| Chocks for loading 66 |
| Circular grading patterns 243-245 |
| Clean job site, importance of 143-144 |
| Cleaning trench 182 |
| Cleanliness, job site |
| for safety 184 |
| grading 157 |
| Cleanliness, machine 54 |
| Cleanup, demolition site 269-270 |
| Cleanup methods |
| back-dragging 144 |
| dirt surfaces 147 |
| paved surfaces 147, 148-150 |
| pile clean-up 147 |
| sod or lawn surfaces 147 |
| Cleanup tips 149 |
| Clearing area for layout 131 |
| Clearing land, backhoe 202-205 |
| Clearing/cleaning stockpiles 145 |
| Clothing, safe 53 |
| Cold weather starts 79 |
| Color codes, utility markings 90-91 |
| Common sense, using 57, 67 |
| Common slope measurements 8-9 |
| Compaction |
| attachments 175 |
| excess air and water removal 171 |
| jetting 172-174 |
| optimum water content 172 |
| principles of 171 |
| soil types 171 |
| wheel rolling 172-175 |
| Components, weights of 2 |
| Compression, soil 171-172 |
| Concentration, digging 95 |
| Concrete removal |
| backhoe, loading with 257 |
| breakout force 254 |
| bucket, heavy duty 254 |
| dropping 255 |
| positioning pieces for breaking 256 |
| prying method 254 |
| roll-out method 255 |
| size of pieces 252, 266 |
| striking 255-256 |
| thickness limitations 257 |
| Conduit, kinks in 206-207 |
| Connecting trenches 214 |
| Constant forces 4-5 |
| Contact surfaces and center of gravity 17 |
| Contamination, engine 75 |
| Control |
| defined 33 |
| grading 158 |
| material handling 200 |
| TLB 4 |
| Controlled digging, pipe detection 95 |
| Controlling engine RPM 41 |
| Controlling the load, demolition 264 |
| Controls |
| hydraulic 40 |
| TLB 34 |
| Cool-down, engine 79 |
| Cooling system 74, 76 |
| Coordinating trades 108 |
| Cracks, checking for 77 |
| Craning 192-193 |
| Cribbing 196-197 |
| Crossing trenches 116-118, 212-214 |
| Crowd 2 |
| Cut slopes 9 |
| Cut, surface 182 |
| Cutting |
| angle of bucket 186-187 |
| angle of grade 159 |
| grading 157-158 |
| starting the cut 159-160 |
| D |
| Daily maintenance 76 |
| Damage to utilities, responsibility 91 |
| Damage, preventing 255, 257 |
| Danger zone, TLB base 15 |
| Degree of slope 7 |
| Demolition 251-270 |
| backhoe techniques 253-270 |
| concrete 253-263 |
| efficiency 252 |
| loading techniques 258-270 |
| material separation 253 |
| one-step method 252 |
| questions 271-274 |
| site cleanup 269-270 |
| specialized operation 251 |
| stockpiling 252-253 |
| Department of Industrial Relations (CA),
accident statistics 58-61 |
| Depth of fill 162 |
| Depth of trench |
| utility lines 184 |
| measuring 132 |
| Diesel engine requirements 79 |
| Differential 74 |
| Digging |
| against banks 192 |
| arcs 205-206 |
| around utilities 90, 96-100 |
| controlled 95 |
| motion, learning 46 |
| near a wall 188-191 |
| planning sequence 108 |
| set-up 190 |
| swing 190 |
| trench-type footings 135-137 |
| with offset hoe 190 |
| Dimensions |
| altering 224 |
| definition 1 |
| know for loading 66 |
| machine response 35 |
| TLB 1-6 |
| Dipperstick, extendable 184-186, 195 |
| Dipping water 47 |
| Direction of fall, tree clearing 203-204 |
| Dirt surfaces, clean-up 147 |
| Dirty fuel 76 |
| Disaster zone, TLB base 15 |
| Dispersing fill material 160, 162-163 |
| Downhill force, defined 10 |
| Drainage slope 8 |
| Dressing slopes 65 |
| Drift pin 80 |
| Driveway grading 168, 170 |
| Driving forces, in traction 222 |
| E |
| Ear protection 54 |
| Earth movement, detecting underground
utilities 95 |
| Earthmoving 181 |
| Electro-hydraulic controls 43 |
| Elements of stability 13 |
| Elevation, precision digging 129 |
| Engine |
| contamination 75 |
| maintenance 74-79 |
| response 35 |
| speed, controlling 41-42 |
| warm-up/cool-down 79 |
| Equipment inspection 54 |
| Excavation 181 |
| cleanup 145 |
| compaction 175 |
| footings, pier 128 |
| hazards 60-61 |
| planning 184 |
| precision 117-119 |
| safety 61-62 |
| using hand tools 91 |
| Excavations, locating previous 95 |
| Exercises, backhoe practice 46 |
| Exit route, planning for 127 |
| Extendable dipperstick 184-186 |
| F |
| Factors affecting center of gravity 13 |
| Farms, locating utilities 92 |
| Fatalities, TLB 57 |
| Feathering 43, 46 |
| 50 percent slope 9 |
| Fill material, dispersing 160, 162-163 |
| Filling |
| circular grading pattern 243 |
| compaction 163 |
| depth of fill 162 |
| dispersal of material 160, 162-163 |
| grading 157, 160-163 |
| spoil placement 108 |
| Filters, changing 75 |
| Fine cutting techniques 160 |
| Fine grading, trench bottom 182 |
| Finish grading |
| back-dragging 166-168 |
| backhoe 168-171 |
| technique 164-165, 169 |
| Fittings, greasing 78 |
| Float position, bucket 159, 164, 168 |
| Floating the bucket 46 |
| locating utilities 95 |
| Flow control valves 42 |
| Fluid levels, checking 77 |
| Footings 127 |
| digging 117 |
| pier, set-ups for 120-122 |
| precision digging 130 |
| questions 139-141 |
| trench-type 135-137 |
| undermining 62, 190 |
| Force |
| downhill 10 |
| momentum 6 |
| Force down the plane 10 |
| Forces |
| machine made 5-6 |
| man made 6 |
| natural 5 |
| universal 4 |
| Four stages of alert 94 |
| Four-lever control system, backhoe 40, 46 |
| Four-wheel drive TLB 36 |
| Friction |
| defined 12 |
| overcoming 12 |
| Front loader bucket, tripod set-up 113 |
| Front wheel traction, reduced 39 |
| Front wheels off ground 39 |
| Front-end light situations 39 |
| Fuel-injection system, maintaining 76 |
| G |
| Gas line, breaks in 100 |
| Geometry, TLB 186-187 |
| Glasses, safety 57 |
| Grade 7 |
| checking 132-133 |
| Grade checker, hand signals 133 |
| Gradient 7 |
| slope measurements 8 |
| Grading 157-170 |
| backhoe 168-171 |
| cut and fill 157 |
| cutting 159-160 |
| filling 160-163 |
| finish 158, 169 |
| on slopes 157 |
| rough 157-158 |
| skills 157 |
| techniques 157 |
| trench bottom 182 |
| Grading and compaction, questions 177-179 |
| Gravity flow trench 184 |
| Grease cartridges, changing 78 |
| Greasing TLB |
| changing cartridges 78 |
| intervals 77 |
| tips 79 |
| Grooming |
| bucket 240 |
| pile 147, 151-152 |
| Gross weight, TLB 2 |
| Ground conditions |
| affect on traction 222 |
| hard 186-187 |
| risk of cave-ins 61 |
| soft 186 |
| H |
| Hammering bucket 80 |
| Hand-dig zone 91 |
| Hand labor |
| around utilities 96-97 |
| cleaning trench 132-134 |
| Hand signals, grade checker 133 |
| Hand throttle, setting 41 |
| Hard hats 57 |
| Hard material |
| loader techniques 230 |
| loosening with backhoe 200 |
| Hard soil, cutting 160-161 |
| Heavy-duty bucket 254 |
| Heavy equipment, physics of 4-25 |
| Height, TLB 2 |
| Hinge pin 80 |
| Hoe assembly 2 |
| Hoe-ram |
| compaction 175 |
| demolition 253 |
| Hoses and fittings, maintenance 76 |
| Hydraulic controls 35, 40 |
| Hydraulic forces, in traction 222 |
| Hydraulic power 6 |
| Hydraulic response 35 |
| Hydraulic system 74 |
| changes in 79 |
| checking fluids in 77, 79 |
| damage 257 |
| warming up 79 |
| Hydraulics |
| basic principle 40 |
| power 40 |
| valves 40 |
| worn mechanisms 37 |
| Hydro-hammer 253, 257 |
| I |
| Industrial parks, locating utilities 92 |
| Injuries |
| caused by TLB 57 |
| operator 56 |
| Input shafts 74 |
| Inspecting equipment 54 |
| Inspection, daily 77 |
| J |
| Jack hammer 253, 257 |
| Jetting 172-174 |
| Job planning 107-109 |
| tips 109 |
| Job site cleanliness 143-144 |
| Job site cleanliness and cleanup,
questions 153-155 |
| Joints, greasing 78 |
| Jump-starting machines, dangers 55 |
| L |
| Labor, hand 132-134 |
| around utilities 96-97 |
| Land clearing, backhoe 202-205 |
| Large material, loading 268 |
| Lawn surfaces, clean-up 147 |
| Layout |
| clearing area 131 |
| excavation 107-109 |
| importance of 128-129 |
| Layout lines 129 |
| Leaks, checking for 77 |
| Legal requirements, One Call System 91 |
| Length, TLB 2 |
| Level 8 |
| final grade 184 |
| Leveling the site 158 |
| Lift forces, loader 221 |
| Lifting and swinging, backhoe 264-265 |
| Lifting with no back-up 263 |
| Lifts 171 |
| Linkage pin 80 |
| Load height, affect on stability 224-225 |
| Load stabilization 39 |
| Load weight, in traction 222 |
| Loader |
| accidents 58-59 |
| driving torque 223 |
| lift 223 |
| principles of operation 221-222 |
| traction 221-222 |
| weight 224 |
| Loader arm service lock 54 |
| Loader assembly, weight 2 |
| Loader controls 34, 37 |
| Loader technique 221-246 |
| back-ups 225-226 |
| corners of bucket 226 |
| demolition 266-268 |
| grading patterns 243 |
| hard material 230 |
| loading trucks 231 |
| questions 247-250 |
| shuttle operations 238-240 |
| soft material 227-229 |
| stockpiling 233 |
| Loading and transporting TLB 65 |
| Loading, preventing damage 231 |
| Loading trucks 23 |
| avoiding damage 199 |
| backhoe techniques 197-199 |
| demolition 258-270 |
| loader techniques 226, 231 |
| patterns 232 |
| pit style 197-198 |
| selecting area 230 |
| weight distribution 231 |
| while digging 197-198 |
| wind considerations 230 |
| Loads, affect on center of gravity 20, 23 |
| Location/movement of center of gravity 14 |
| Locked brakes, dangers 37 |
| Lockout safety devices 55 |
| Long material, handling 200-201 |
| Lubricants 74 |
| M |
| Machine |
| component maintenance 74 |
| mastering total usage 221 |
| preventing abuse 255, 257 |
| Machine control |
| questions 48-52 |
| mastering 33 |
| Machine life, prolonging 79-80 |
| Machine made forces 5 |
| Machine response 35 |
| poor 36 |
| Machine set-up 113 |
| digging near wall 190 |
| footings 120-122 |
| Machine specifications, operator’s
manual 73 |
| Machine systems, maintenance 74 |
| Maintenance, TLB |
| daily 76 |
| fluid levels 77 |
| greasing 77-79 |
| importance of operator’s manual 73 |
| intervals 73 |
| machine components/systems 74 |
| poor 36-37 |
| results of poor habits 82-83 |
| schedules 74 |
| Maneuverability, increasing 39 |
| Maneuvering, controlled 39-40 |
| Manual, operation and maintenance 73 |
| Manuals, operator 34 |
| Manufacturers' specifications 66 |
| Manufacturing plants, locating utilities
92 |
| Marking |
| excavation 90, 108 |
| utilities 90-91 |
| Markings, layout 129 |
| Material handling, backhoe 200-201, 207 |
| Material separation, demolition 253 |
| Measurements, slope 8-9 |
| Mechanical response 35 |
| Mental requirements, operator 33 |
| Mobile home parks, locating utilities 92 |
| Momentum |
| controlling 7 |
| defined 6 |
| Motion |
| defined 5 |
| work cycle 6 |
| Movement of center of gravity 19 |
| Movement, unwanted 36 |
| Moving earth 181 |
| N |
| Natural back-ups 259 |
| Natural physical forces 5 |
| Notification requirements, One Call System
90 |
| O |
| Obstacles |
| detection 95 |
| maneuvering around 46 |
| tilting machine to avoid 188, 190 |
| Offset hoe 190 |
| Oil fill plug, maintaining 75 |
| Oil service 75 |
| Older machines 36-37 |
| One Call Notification Center 90 |
| One Call System 90 |
| limitations 92 |
| required users 91-92 |
| One percent slope 8 |
| One-step method, demolition 252 |
| 100 percent slope 9 |
| 133 percent slope 9 |
| Open area smoothness 46 |
| Opening hydraulic valves 42-43 |
| Operation and Maintenance manual 73 |
| importance of 34 |
| maintenance schedules in 73 |
| Operational controls/procedures 73 |
| Operator control, tripod set-up 113 |
| Operator fatigue 143-144 |
| Operator skills 33 |
| grading 157 |
| locating utilities 93 |
| TLB 1 |
| Operator’s responsibility 25 |
| cave-in warning 62 |
| damage control 46 |
| grading 158 |
| lifting and swinging 264 |
| material handling 200 |
| safety 56-57, 184 |
| Optimum water content, compaction 172 |
| OSHA regulations 61 |
| Outer casing 74 |
| Output shafts 74 |
| Outriggers 187 |
| Overstressing older machines 37 |
| P |
| Parking safety, TLB 55 |
| Pavement breaker, pneumatic 253, 257 |
| Pavement, clean-up 147, 148-150 |
| Percent, slope 8 |
| Permits for transporting 66 |
| Physical forces, natural 5 |
| Physical requirements, operator 33 |
| Physics of weight/motion 5 |
| Physics of heavy equipment 4-25 |
| Pier footings |
| precision digging 120-122 |
| requirements 128 |
| Pile clean-up 147 |
| Pin removal procedure 81 |
| Pins, bucket 80 |
| Pipe |
| breakage variables 95 |
| keys to detection 94-95 |
| monitoring positions 96 |
| reporting damage 100 |
| Pit style loading 197-198 |
| Pitch of slope |
| defined 7 |
| illustrated 9 |
| Pivot method |
| footings 128 |
| set-up 116-118 |
| Pivot procedure 116 |
| Placement of spoil |
| avoiding cave-ins 61 |
| planning 107-108 |
| trench sloping 65 |
| Planning the job |
| demolition 252 |
| excavations 181 |
| questions 110-112 |
| tips 109 |
| Poor maintenance habits 82-83 |
| Position of center of gravity 18 |
| Positioning of weight 2, 5 |
| Potholing 194-195 |
| Power with extendable dipperstick 185 |
| Practice exercises, backhoe 46 |
| Precise excavation 184 |
| Precision |
| control 46-47 |
| digging, footings 130 |
| layout 108-109 |
| set-up 117-119 |
| Pre-cleaner 75 |
| Pre-operation procedures 77 |
| Preparing work area 145-146 |
| Primary filter 75 |
| Principles, universal 4 |
| Private property, locating utilities 92-93 |
| Procedures, pre-operation 77 |
| Protective guards/panels, machine 54 |
| Public property, locating utilities 92-93 |
| Pulling force, maximum 186 |
| Push-pull method, clearing 203, 205 |
| Q |
| Questions |
| Chapter 1 26-31 |
| Chapter 2 48-51 |
| Chapter 3 68-71 |
| Chapter 4 84-87 |
| Chapter 5 101-105 |
| Chapter 6 110-112 |
| Chapter 7 123-125 |
| Chapter 8 139-141 |
| Chapter 9 153-155 |
| Chapter 10 177-179 |
| Chapter 11 215-220 |
| Chapter 12 247-250 |
| Chapter 13 271-274 |
| R |
| Radar, shuttle operations 240-241 |
| Railroad applications, cribbing 196 |
| Ramp |
| loading 66 |
| stockpile 233 |
| Ramp building technique 234 |
| Ratio, slope 8 |
| Reach, extendable dipperstick 184 |
| Reference markers 109 |
| Reinforcing steel, in concrete 163 |
| Requirements, TLB operator 33 |
| Response, machine 35 |
| Responsibility of operator |
| cave-in warning 62 |
| damage control 46 |
| grading 158 |
| lifting and swinging 264 |
| material handling 200 |
| safety 57, 184 |
| Restrictions to movement 46 |
| Reverse, travel 242 |
| Road grading 242-243 |
| Roll Over Protective Structure (ROPS) 54,
57 |
| Rollover accidents 13, 59-60 |
| RPM |
| controlling 41 |
| normal operation 42 |
| Rural land, utilities on 92 |
| S |
| Safe zone, TLB base 15 |
| Safety |
| backhoe 58 |
| clean job site 143-144 |
| daily maintenance of TLB 76 |
| gas line breaks 100 |
| general 53-57 |
| measures 184 |
| operator’s manual 73 |
| pitch of slope 7 |
| questions 68-71 |
| TLB 4-5 |
| traveling in reverse 242 |
| tripod set-up 113, 115 |
| understanding center of gravity 13 |
| Safety guidelines |
| mount and dismount 53 |
| operator 56 |
| TLB operation 56-57 |
| Safety systems, TLB 54 |
| Sanding a trench 246 |
| Schedules, maintenance 73-74 |
| Scope of work, determining 107 |
| Scraping 160 |
| Sealed components 74 |
| Seat belts 54 |
| Secondary filter 75 |
| Service |
| air intake system 74-75 |
| oil 75 |
| Service lock, loader arm 54 |
| Set-up |
| digging near wall 190 |
| footings 120-122 |
| moving to next 183 |
| pivot method 116-118 |
| precision 117-119 |
| questions 123-125 |
| sample techniques 120-121 |
| TLB 113-122 |
| tripod 113, 187 |
| truck loading 199 |
| 75 percent slope 9 |
| Sewer line installations 195 |
| Sheet flow drainage, slope 8 |
| Shoes, safety 57 |
| Shoring |
| conditions affecting 62 |
| requirements 61 |
| Shutoff valves, locating 100 |
| Shuttle operations 144 |
| Shuttle operations, loader |
| bucket volume 240 |
| direction of travel 241 |
| efficiency 239 |
| length of travel 239 |
| obstacles 240-241 |
| radar 240-241 |
| route 239 |
| safety 242 |
| using corners 241 |
| Side-shift hoe 190 |
| Site hazards 57 |
| Skills, operator 1, 33 |
| Skiploader, center of gravity 3 |
| Slope |
| affects on center of gravity 21 |
| measuring 7-9 |
| negative 188 |
| pitch 7 |
| Slopes |
| grading 157 |
| ramp 233 |
| stability 224-225 |
| Sloping, trench |
| inadequate 60-61 |
| procedures 65 |
| ratio 62 |
| safety 184 |
| spoil quantities 63-65 |
| Smooth grade, working on 144 |
| Smooth operation, importance of 40, 42-45 |
| Smoothing slopes 65, 184 |
| Smoothness |
| exercises for 46-47 |
| open area 46 |
| Sod surfaces, clean-up 147 |
| Soft material, loader techniques 227-229 |
| Soft soil, cutting 160 |
| Soil conditions |
| contributing to accidents 60 |
| detecting underground utilities 95 |
| ease of work 46 |
| grading 160, 166 |
| hazardous 61 |
| shoring requirements 62 |
| truck loading 197 |
| Soil types, compaction 171 |
| Soils engineer, working with 171 |
| Spoil piles, clearing/cleaning 145 |
| Spoil placement |
| avoiding cave-ins 61 |
| footings 128 |
| grading 161 |
| planning 107-108, 181 |
| stockpiling 144, 160 |
| trench sloping 65 |
| Spoil quantities, sloping 63-65 |
| Spoil removal 144 |
| trench 182 |
| Spoil transport, using the trench 210-211 |
| Stability |
| affects of weight transfer 16-18 |
| extendable dipperstick 185 |
| importance of 13 |
| load height 224-225 |
| slope 224-225 |
| tripod set-up 113, 115 |
| Stabilizers |
| using 187 |
| width 2, 188 |
| Stabilizing TLB 21-22 |
| Stacking method, loading concrete 262 |
| Stages of alert 94 |
| Start-up lockout devices 55 |
| Steering response 36 |
| Stick 2 |
| Stockpiles, clearing/cleaning 145 |
| Stockpiling concrete 252, 266-267 |
| Stockpiling dirt |
| access 233 |
| back-ups 233, 225-226 |
| condensing 235-238 |
| moving 235-238 |
| procedure 233 |
| ramp 233 |
| spoil 144, 158 |
| Stockpiling spoil, setting up for 113 |
| Stomper 253, 257 |
| Story pole 132 |
| Striking, concrete breaking 255-256 |
| Stump removal, backhoe 204-205 |
| Surface cut 182 |
| Swing drift, TLB 36 |
| Swing pin, placement 192 |
| Swinging the backhoe 168, 170-171 |
| Systems maintenance 74 |
| T |
| Teeth, bucket 82 |
| Ten percent gradient slope 9 |
| Testing a load 265 |
| Testing, soil density 171 |
| Thickness limitations, concrete breaking
257 |
| Three-lever control system, backhoe 41 |
| Tie-downs for transporting 66 |
| Tight situations, operating in 39, 46 |
| Tilting the machine 188, 190 |
| Tire pressure 77 |
| traction 222 |
| TLB dimensions, questions 26-31 |
| TLB maintenance, questions 84-87 |
| Tolerance zone, utilities 91 |
| Tooth grab method |
| backhoe techniques 207-209 |
| clearing land 202 |
| Topsoil, wet 147 |
| Torque 5-6 |
| driving 223 |
| Traction |
| defined 11 |
| factors affecting 222 |
| increasing 39 |
| loss of 39 |
| needed for 12 |
| Tractor-loader backhoe (TLB) |
| attachments and center of gravity
24 |
| base of machine 14-15 |
| center of gravity 3 |
| characteristics of older models 36 |
| compacting soil 172-176 |
| components 2 |
| cutting techniques 159-160 |
| dimensions 2-6 |
| downhill forces 11 |
| maintenance 73-83 |
| mastering machine control 33 |
| operator responsibility 25 |
| operator skills 1, 33 |
| parking safety 55 |
| pre-operation procedures 77 |
| prolonging machine life 79-80 |
| safety systems 54 |
| safety tips 56-57 |
| sample set-up techniques 120-121 |
| set-up 113-122 |
| stability 13, 16-17 |
| uses 1 |
| variations in design 36 |
| weight distribution 2-5 |
| working weight 4, 5 |
| Tractor, weight 2 |
| Trades, coordinating with 108 |
| Transmission 74 |
| response 35 |
| Transporting TLB 65 |
| Traveling in reverse 242 |
| Tree clearing |
| backhoe 202-205 |
| direction of fall 203-204 |
| larger trees 203-204 |
| push-pull method 203, 205 |
| saplings 202 |
| swing 200 |
| wind 203 |
| Trench |
| compacting 175 |
| connecting 214 |
| crossing 212-214 |
| digging in stages 210-211 |
| moving set-up 183 |
| sanding 246 |
| shoring requirements 62 |
| signs of utilities 95 |
| spoil removal 182 |
| used for spoil transport 210-211 |
| Trench sloping, illustrated 64 |
| Trench-type footings 120-122, 127, 135-137 |
| Trenching procedure 182-183 |
| extendable dipperstick 185 |
| Tripod set-up |
| advantages 113 |
| backhoe 187 |
| problems 115 |
| Trough, grading 160 |
| Truck damage, avoiding 199, 231 |
| Truck loading 23 |
| avoiding damage 199, 231 |
| backhoe techniques 197-199 |
| demolition 258-270 |
| loader techniques 226-229, 231 |
| patterns 232 |
| pit style 197-197 |
| preventing damage 231 |
| selecting area 230 |
| weight distribution 231 |
| while digging 197-199 |
| wind considerations 230 |
| Tunneling 192-194 |
| 20 percent gradient slope 9 |
| Two-lever control system, backhoe 42-43,
46 |
| Two percent slope 8 |
| Two-pin bucket attachment 80 |
| Two-wheel drive TLB 36 |
| U |
| Underground utility lines 89-90 |
| broken 97-100 |
| detecting 95 |
| digging around 96-100 |
| problems locating 93 |
| public/private property 92-93 |
| Undermining footings 62, 190 |
| Universal forces/principles |
| center of gravity 13 |
| downhill force 10 |
| friction 12 |
| momentum 6 |
| motion 5 |
| pitch of slope 7 |
| traction 11-12 |
| understanding 4 |
| weight 5 |
| Unlocked breaks, dangers 38 |
| Utilities |
| on public property 92-93 |
| planning around 107 |
| questions 101-105 |
| underground 89-100 |
| V |
| Valves, opening/closing 42-43 |
| Variable forces 4-5 |
| Vertical line (center of gravity) 16 |
| Vertical slopes 9 |
| Very close to level 8 |
| Vibrations, affect on shoring 62 |
| Vibrator, compaction 175 |
| W |
| Warm-up, engine 79 |
| Water dipping 47 |
| locating utilities 95 |
| Water removal, soil compaction 171 |
| Wear, checking for 77 |
| Weather conditions, shoring requirements
62 |
| Weight |
| defined 5 |
| distribution 160 |
| distribution, TLB 2-5 |
| working 4, 5 |
| Weight distribution 13 |
| accident prevention 60 |
| Weight of materials, affect on center of
gravity 20 |
| Weight transfer and center of gravity 16 |
| Weight, using to grade 166 |
| Wheels off ground, front 39 |
| Width, TLB 2 |
| Work area, preparing 145-146 |
| Work motion cycle 6 |
| Worker safety, general rules 55-56 |
| Working range |
| backhoe 258 |
| dipperstick 184-186 |
| detecting utilities 96 |
| Working weight, TLB 4, 5 |
| XYZ
Top
of Page |
| Zone, tolerance 91 |
|
Official training text of the International Union of Operating Engineers
since 1996
